PART II

The Armed Forces

           

16.       Military Mission and Mandate

 

16.1.        Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-sections 1 (b) and 4.1(b) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the mission and mandate for Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Joint/Integrated Forces within their respective areas of deployment during the interim period shall clearly be specified within the first year of the interim period by the Joint Defence Board subject to the approval of the Presidency.

 

16.2.        Without prejudice to sub-section 16.1 above, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) shall be charged with the mission of defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Sudan during the Interim Period.

 

16.3.        The two Armed Forces and the JIUs shall be regular, professional, and non-partisan armed forces. They shall respect the rule of law and civilian government, democracy, basic human rights, and the will of the people.

 

16.4.        As per Article (1) (b) and (4) (b) (III) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Armed Forces (SAF, SPLA and JIUs) shall undertake the responsibility of the defence of the country against threats in their areas of deployment pending appropriate decision from the JDB.

 

16.5.        The involvement of the Armed Forces as defined in sub-section 16.4 above, in constitutionally specified emergencies, shall be determined in the Interim Constitution.

 

16.6.        The Parties shall jointly develop a code of conduct for the members of all armed forces based on the common military doctrine that shall be developed as stipulated for in section 6 of the Agreement on Security Arrangements.

 

16.7.        The elements of the code of conduct provided for in sub-section 16.6 above shall:

 

16.7.1.              be informed by the provisions of sub-section 16.2 above;

16.7.2.              make a clear distinction between the military functions

from partisan political functions;

16.7.3.              make repudiation that such forces can be used as agency

of physical intimidation of the civilian population;

16.7.4.              make a clear distinction between military mandate from

the policing mandate during ceasefire period;

16.7.5.              make clear that all members of armed forces shall not be

involved in illicit activities that may affect the environment and natural resources.

 

17.       The Joint Defence Board (JDB)

 

17.1.        The JDB shall be composed and structured on parity basis and take its decisions by consensus. It shall be composed of the Chiefs of Staff of SAF and SPLA, their deputies and four senior officers from each Party.

 

17.2.        The JDB shall exhibit a characteristic of well-functioning body capable of timely response to tasks and situation.

 

17.3.        The JDB shall have a Technical Committee to be formed from four senior officers from both sides.

 

17.4.        The Technical Committee shall undertake the duty of coordination between the two forces and resolve different problems that may ensue. It shall report regularly to the JDB in all ordinary and extraordinary sessions.

 

17.5.        The two Commanders in Chief shall appoint the Commander and the deputy commander of the JIUs who shall be ex officio members of the JDB.

 

17.6.        In the event of any external or internal threat, the JDB shall, subject to section 16.2 above, decide on how to address the situation. The JDB shall decide whether all forces, the JIUs or either force (SAF and SPLA) shall handle the threat alone or collectively. The JDB may also decide on the appropriate support and reinforcements that other forces shall lend to the forces facing direct threat and aggression. In a joint operation, JDB shall determine lead HQS for that operation.

 

17.7.        The JDB shall be entrusted to work out a comprehensive framework for confidence building. Confidence building measures between the SAF and SPLA may include exchanging visits, organizing cultural and sport events, convening of joint training courses, and participating in national and religious celebrations and any other activities that shall help in building confidence.

 

17.8.        The JDB shall form a committee to lay down the principles of the future Sudan National Armed Forces, should the result of the referendum on self-determination confirm unity.

 

17.9.        At the earliest opportunity, appointed representatives of SAF and SPLA will determine, taking into account point 17.1 of this Agreement, a staff structure in support of JDB command. They will calculate a budget and recommend how it is be resourced. 

18.       Redeployment

 

18.1.        The line of redeployment of SAF and SPLA shall be South/North Border of 1/1/1956 as came in Article 3 (b), in the Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period signed on 25^th September, 2003.

 

18.2.        SAF commits to redeploy its forces as per Article 3 (b) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements to the North of South/North border of 1/1/1956 beginning from the Pre Interim Period according to the following steps:

 

a)                  Step I: Reduction by seventeen percent (17%) by D-day + 6 months;

b)                  Step II: Reduction by fourteen percent (14%) by D-day + 12 months;

c)                  Step III: Reduction by nineteen percent (19%) by D-day + 18 months;

d)                  Step IV: Reduction by twenty-two percent (22 %) by D-day + 24 months;

e)                  Step V: Complete redeployment of the remainder twenty-eight percent (28%) by D-day + 30 months.

 

18.3.        SPLA commits to redeploy its forces pursuant to Article 3 (c) and Article 4 (c) (V) (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements as detailed below.

 

18.4.        The SPLA forces in the eastern Sudan shall be redeployed to the south of North/South border of 1/1/1956 beginning from pre-interim period according to the following steps:

 

a)      Reduction by thirty percent (30%) by D-day + four months.

b)      Reduction by fourty percent (40%) by D-day+ 8 months.

c)      Complete redeployment of the remainder thirty percent (30%) by D-day 12 months.

 

18.5.        The SPLA shall complete redeployment of its excess forces from Southern Blue Nile and Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains within six months of the deployment of the JIUs in those areas.

 

18.6.        Without prejudice to the Agreement on the Security Arrangements and the right of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) Command to deploy forces all over North Sudan as it deems fit, SAF troop levels in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile during the Interim Period shall be determined by the Presidency.

 

18.7.        After the JIUs deployment in Abyei, all other forces shall be redeployed outside the area. However, the size JIUs Battalion in Abyei shall conform to JIUs organizational standards according to the Protocol between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement on the Resolution of the Conflict in Abyei Area of 26^th May, 2004.

19.       Optimal Size of the Armed Forces

 

            After the Completion of SAF redeployment to the North the parties shall begin the negotiations on proportionate downsizing. Nonetheless, the parties shall allow voluntary demobilization, demobilization of non-essentials (child soldiers and elderly, disabled) during the first year of Interim Period.

 

20.       The Status of Joint Integrated Units

   

20.1.        There shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units (hereinafter referred to as JIUs) during the pre-interim and the interim period from the SAF and the SPLA. This shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces (SNAF) should the result of the referendum on the right of self-determination for the people of Southern Sudan confirm unity of the country.

 

20.2.        If the result of the referendum is in favour of secession of the South from the North, the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces to pave the way for the formation of the separate Armed Forces for the emerging states.

 

20.3.        Notwithstanding sub-Sections 20.10.1, 20.10.2, 20.10.3, 20.10.4, and 20.10.5, formation, training, tasking and deployment of JIUs formations and sub-formations shall be completed not later than D-day + 21 months.

 

20.4.        At the initial stage of the formation of the JIUs, SAF component shall be liable to relief “after two years of deployment”.  Nonetheless, they shall be locked-in by D-day + 33 months.

 

20.5.        At the inception, the JIUs shall remain in their joint form.  However, the process of full integration shall be completed by D-day + 52 months.

 

20.6.        The JIUs as per Agreement on Security Arrangements shall fall under the command of the Joint Defence Board (JDB). Nevertheless, the two Commanders-in-Chief shall appoint the commander and deputy commander for the JIUs as the highest level who shall, by virtue of their positions, be members of the JDB. They shall oversee routine command matters of the JIUs in accordance to authority conferment by the JDB.

 

20.7.        The JIUs command shall be exercised on parity basis between SAF and the SPLA officers with alternation of roles at the uppermost and other levels of command.

 

20.8.        The JIUs personnel shall be treated equally. There shall be uniformity in welfare, salaries, emoluments, pensions rights, supplies, armament, and equipment.

 

20.9.        The Parties have further discussed the issue of establishing JIUs in Eastern Sudan and have decided to continue discussing the issue during the Interim Period and resolve it as they deem fit.

 

20.10 Training of the Joint Integrated Units

 

20.10.1.          Both Armed Forces (SAF and SPLA) shall complete selection and organization of officers, Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) and men for the JIUs within three months from the beginning of the Pre-Interim Period.

 

20.10.2.          Notwithstanding sub-section 20.3 above, the JIUs components from both Parties shall be formed within three months from the Pre-Interim Period and co-locate in their various training centres to be trained for not less than six months after which they shall be tasked and deployed.

 

20.10.3.          There shall be developed as soon as practicable a joint doctrine, code of conduct, as well as disciplinary laws, regulations, and standing operating procedures to govern the JIUs general training policies, programmes, disciplinary scopes and behavioral patterns.

 

20.10.4.          In view of special status of Khartoum and Juba, the JIUs Command shall allot tasks to the JIUs contingents that shall be deployed to these cities by the end of the Pre-Interim Period after completion of initial joint training session that shall not exceed three months. Nonetheless, the JIUs command shall organize further training sessions for these contingents in accordance to JIUs training policy and programmes.

 

20.10.5.          The parties shall appeal to the international community to render additional technical, material and financial support to assist in forming and training the JIUs.

 

20.11.    JIUs Command and Control

 

          The JIUs Headquarters is under command of JDB and shall be located in Juba. The JIUs command shall perform among other things, the following duties and responsibilities:

 

20.11.1.          Command of the JIUs formations and units;

20.11.2.          Promotion of mutual cooperation between the JIUs, SAF and SPLA at all command levels;

20.11.3.          Coordination of supply and replenishments plans with the JDB;

20.11.4.          Implementation of the JDB plans, policies, programmes and directives pertaining to the JIUs;

20.11.5.          Appointment and transfer of JIUs officers within the discretion of the JIUs command;

20.11.6.          Create and promote confidence building measures;

20.11.7.          Development and execution of training programmes for the JIUs;

20.11.8.          Coordination with the CPC;

20.11.9.          Resolution of disputes that may arise within the JIUs jurisdiction.

 

20.12. The JIUs Commanders shall exercise the following authority/responsibility:

 

20.12.1.          Command and control of JIUs in their respective areas of command;

20.12.2.          Implementation of and compliance with the directives of the JIUs Higher Headquarters;

20.12.3.          Implement confidence building policies of the higher headquarters as well as create and promote confidence building measures within their power as shall be desirable;

20.12.4.          Development and execution of training programmes within their command jurisdiction;

20.12.5.          Performance of any other duties that may be conferred upon them by the higher headquarters.

 

20.13. The JIUs Composition and Organization

 

         20.13.1   Composition

 

20.13.1.1.    The JIUs shall initially be formed from SAF and SPLA, out of their ground forces;

20.13.1.2.    By D-Day + 12 months, SPLA nominated personnel shall commence training in the service arms of the Airforce, Navy and Air Defence, so as to make available SPLA contribution to the JIUs Service Arms which shall be established as per sub-section 20.13.1.3 below;

20.13.1.3.    By D-Day+36 months, the first JIUs service arms unit shall be established, others shall follow according to the graduation of qualified SPLA JIUs personnel as determined by the JDB, further training may continue according to the needs as may be decided by the JDB;

20.13.1.4.    SAF component of the JIUs service arms shall be nominated and assigned as soon as the SPLA component of JIUs service arms is trained and graduated;

20.13.1.5.    JIUs Service Arms of the Airforce, Navy and Air Defence shall be part of the overall number of forces of the JIUs already agreed to by the Parties.

 

20.13.2   Organization

 

20.13.2.1.           The higher JIUs formation shall be division (see organizational structure attached as appendixure 3). Thus, there shall be formed five JIUs division and one independent brigade as follows:

 

a)                  1^st Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 9000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Equatoria area.

b)                  2^nd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 8000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Upper Nile area.

c)                  3^rd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 7000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Bahr el Ghazal area.

d)                  4^th Infantry Division (unlike the other divisions, both 4^th and 5^th Infantry divisions are under-strength divisions) which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in southern Blue Nile.

e)                  5^th Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains.

f)                    Independent Brigade which shall be deployed in Khartoum with the total strength of 3000 officers, NCOs and men.

 

20.13.2.2.     There shall be formed a JIU Infantry Battalion (Inf. Bn.) for Abyei Area whose strength shall be in accordance with JIUs standards. It shall be deployed in Abyei area and attached to 3^rd Infantry Division.

20.13.2.3.     Infantry brigades, of not more than 3000 troops each, to compose of:

 

                                                                                 i.            Brigade Command;

                                                                               ii.            Brigade HQ Company;

                                                                              iii.            Two to four infantry Battalions;

                                                                             iv.            Armored, artillery, engineering, transport, signal and medical corps.

 

20.13.2.4.        The infantry battalion shall compose of:

 

                                                                           i.                  Battalion Command;

                                                                         ii.                  Battalion HQ Company;

                                                                        iii.                  Two to four infantry companies;

                                                                       iv.                  Support Company.

 

20.13.2.5.        JIUs battalion shall be formed of two SAF companies and two SPLA companies, whereas the HQs Company and the support company shall be mixed. The size of the forces in each locality shall not exceed one infantry battalion.

 

20.14   JIUs Detailed Deployment

 

            20.14.1. First JIUs Infantry Division – Equatoria

 

a)      Division Headquarters: Juba town.

b)      Juba Brigade Headquarters: Juba town.

c)      Subunits deployment: Around Juba town.

d)      Torit Brigade Headquarter (+) Inf Bn: Torit town.

e)      Subunit Deployment: Kapoeta, Yei, and Jabor.

f)        Maridi BrigadeHeadquarters (+) Inf Bn: Maridi town.

g)       Subunits deployment : Mondari, Yambio, Tombara.

 

20.14.2.  Second Infantry Division - Upper Nile

 

a)                  Division Headquarters: Malakal town.

b)                  Malakal Brigade Headquarters (+) two Inf Bns: Malakal

town.

c)                  Subunits deployment: Nasir, Bounj and Malut.

d)                  Bentiu Brigade headquarters (+) Inf Bn: Bentiu town.

e)                  Subunits deployment: Pariang, and Bor.

          

20.14.3. Third Infantry Division - Bahr el Ghazal

 

a)                  Division Headquarters: Wau town.

b)                  Wau Brigade headquarters (+) two Inf Bns: Wau town.

c)                  Subunits deployment: Tonj, Rumbek, and Shambe

d)                  Aweil Brigade headquarters (+) two Inf Bns: Aweil town.

e)                  Subunits deployment: Raja, Gogrial.

f)                    Abyei Area Independent Battalion attached.

 

20.14.4.  Fourth Infantry Division - Southern Blue Nile

 

a)      Division Headquarters: Dindiro town.

b)      Dindiro Brigade headquarters (+) Bde Hqs (+) one Inf Bn: Dindiro.

c)      Subunits deployment: Kurmuk, Geizan, Ulu.

d)      Takamul Brigade headquarters  (+) one Inf Bn: Takamol.

e)      Subunits deployment: Damazin, Umdarfa’a, Menza.

 

20.14.5. Fifth Infantry Division - Nuba Mountains

 

a)                  Division headquarters (+) one Inf Bn: Kadogli town.

b)                  Kadugli Brigade headquarters: Heiban.

c)                  Subunits deployment:  Heiban, El Buram, Talodi.

d)                  Deleng Brigade headquarters (+) one Inf Bn: Deleng town.

e)                  Subunits deployment: Jebel Eried, Julud, Um Sirdibba.

 

            20.14.6. Khartoum Independent Brigade

 

There shall be one JIUs Brigade in Khartoum that shall be deployed with the Republican Guard in Soba. The VIP Protection Force is located according to the Presidential Unit, and Capital Security Force in Jebel Awlia’a.

 

20.14.7.           The Parties agree that the JIUs shall protect the oilfields

as provided in sub-section 20.14.2 and the oil installations shall be demilitarized. In case of any threat to the oil installations, the JDB shall decide on the appropriate and necessary measures. 

 

21. Funding of the Armed Forces

 

21.1.        During the Interim Period, SAF forces and JIUs shall be funded by the National Government, whereas the SPLA forces shall be funded by the Government of Southern Sudan, subject to the principle of proportional downsizing as per Security Arrangements Protocol and the approval of Southern Sudan Legislature. To meet this obligation, the Government of Southern Sudan shall raise financial resources from both local and foreign sources and seek international assistance.  These financial resources shall be channeled through the Bank of Southern Sudan and managed according to the principles of Wealth Sharing Protocol.

 

21.2.        The elected National Legislature during the Interim Period shall review and finally resolve the issue of the funding of the Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) so as to make unity of the Sudan an attractive choice in the referendum on self-determination by the people of Southern Sudan, and to create sound basis for the formation of the future army of the Sudan that shall be composed from the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and the JIUs, should the result of referendum on self-determination confirm unity.

 

22.       Policing Issues and Domestic Security

 

22.1.        In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall:

 

22.1.1.              Maintain law and public order;

22.1.2.              Ensure safety and security of all people and their

property;

22.1.3.              Prevent and detect crimes.

22.1.4.              Assist returning refugees, the displaced and other

returnees to start a normal, stable and safe life in their respective communities;

22.1.5.              Provide national service ( such as nationality, civil

registry, identity documents (IDs), passports etc.) and other police services and make them available to all citizens in their locations;

22.1.6.              Protect VIPs in collaboration with other security agencies;

22.1.7.              Preserve natural resources;

22.1.8.              Combat illicit trafficking in narcotics, drugs and illegal

trade in firearms and other organized and transboundary crimes in the area;

22.1.9.              Control illegal presence and movement of aliens in the

area;

22.1.10.          Collect data and information on criminal matters that

threaten implementation of the peace agreement in the area.

22.1.11.          Remove the need for the deployment of military and

para-military forces in villages, communities and city streets;

22.1.12.          Combat corruption at all levels of government and civil

society; and

                                                                                                                   

22.2.    In order to strengthen the effective implementation of this Agreement, the National Police may assist, as required, other police at all levels to establish and promote police service at that level;

 

22.3.    The police shall cooperate and participate in the entire process of ceasefire implementation;

 

22.4. The Parties agree that the police in the territorial jurisdiction of the ceasefire shall assume their normal functions and activities, particularly in the areas where military and para-military forces had previously assumed their functions;

 

22.5.    The Parties call upon the international community to assist in the areas of training, establishment and capacity building of police and other law enforcement agencies for the sustenance of peace and rule of law;

 

22.6. The Parties recognize the need for cooperation and coordination mechanism between the national police and other law enforcement agencies at all levels with regards to the implementation of this Agreement.

 

 

PART  III

 

Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-Integration and Reconciliation

 

23.       Objectives

 

23.1          The overarching objective of the DDR process is to contribute to creating an enabling environment to human security and to support post-peace-agreement social stabilization across the Sudan, particularly war affected areas.

 

23.2          The DDR programme shall take place within a comprehensive process of national reconciliation and healing throughout the country as part of the peace and confidence building measures.

 

24.       Guiding Principles

 

24.1          In implementing the DDR programme the Parties agree that the implementing organs shall be guided by the following common principles:

 

24.2.        The national ownership of the process and that the capabilities of the National Institutions shall be built to effectively lead the overall DDR process; for this purpose efficient planning, implementation and supervisory institutions shall be established to operate as soon as possible.

 

24.3.        That the DDR process in the Sudan shall be led by recognized state institutions and international partners shall only play a supportive role to these institutions. The process shall be sustained through cooperation and coordination with local NGOs and active support from the international community by facilitating and extending material and technical assistance throughout the entire DDR process and the transition from war to peace.

 

24.4.        That no DDR planning, management or implementation activity shall take place outside the framework of the recognized interim and permanent DDR institutions referred to in paragraphs 25.1 and 25.2. hereunder.

 

24.5.        Fairness, transparency, equitability and consistency for determining the eligibility of ex-combatants targeted for assistance.

 

24.6.        Ex-combatants shall be treated equitably irrespective of their previous military affiliations; as well, they shall be empowered by provision of training and information to voluntarily choose their path to reintegration. The reintegration process shall be community based and equally benefits returnees and local communities.

 

24.7.        That the DDR is mostly a civilian process although the military input is vital. While disarmament and demobilization are mainly military, the civilian efforts in reintegration are paramount, particularly with reference to decisions of methodology and organization. The military will have input but the decisions and implementation of such programmes are the responsibility of the relevant institutions created for this purpose.

 

24.8.        The DDR programme shall be gender sensitive and shall encourage the participation of the communities and the civil society organizations with the view to strengthening their capacities to play their role in improving and sustaining the social and economic reintegration of former combatants.

 

24.9.        The demobilization of all child soldiers within six months of the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

 

24.10.    The identification and registration within six months from the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of all children separated from their families for family tracing and ultimate reunification;

 

24.11.    UNICEF, ICRC and other international organizations are called upon to assist in the child component of the DDR in the Sudan;

 

24.12.    That adequate financial and logistical support shall be mobilized by the international community including governments, governmental agencies, humanitarian organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

 

24.13.    The observance of a high level of transparency and accountability with respect to the DDR programmes financial management.

 

24.14.    The maintenance of an appropriate and optimal degree of flexibility to respond to the emerging needs on the ground in a timely manner.

 

25.       DDR Institutions

 

25.1.    To realize the best objective of the DDR process in the entire country, and to avoid any possibilities of relapsing into war, the Parties state their dedication to undertake timely steps to establish the following institutions to plan, manage and implement the DDR programmes:

 

25.1.1.              The National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), with the prime responsibility of policy formulation, oversight, review, coordination and evaluation of the progress of the Northern and Southern Sudan DDR commissions referred to in 25.1.2 hereunder. The NDDRCC shall be appointed by and accountable to the Presidency.

25.1.2.              The Northern Sudan DDR Commission (NDDRC) and the Southern Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC) shall be mandated to design, implement and manage the DDR process at the northern and southern sub-national levels respectively.

25.1.3.              The State DDR commissions shall be entrusted with the responsibility of implementation of the programmes at the state and local levels.

 

25.2.        Until the aforementioned institutions are established the Parties agree to put in place Interim DDR bodies to:

 

25.2.1.              Act as bases for the future Sub-National DDR

institutions established in 25.1 above.

25.2.2.              Coordinate and prepare detailed DDR proposals.

25.2.3.              Commence technical discussion with international

donors and agencies regarding partnership and funding requirements and modalities for the DDR implementation programmes.

25.2.4.              Coordinate with the UN-DPKO mission on issues

pertaining to DDR.

25.2.5.              Prepare draft operational proposals for DDR

programmes.

25.2.6.              Prepare to establish formal DDR capacity building

and facilitate training in DDR through seminars, workshops and study tours.

25.2.7.               Coordinate joint DDR preparatory activities.

25.2.8.              Prepare in collaboration with the international

actors data collection, including socio-economic surveys in the areas where the DDR programmes will be implemented and undertake needs assessment to provide data on target groups.

 

26.       Previous Contractual Obligations

 

Recognizing that both Parties have existing contractual arrangements with international organizations and agencies related to DDR, the Parties agree:

 

26.1.        To commence a process of negotiations with these agencies and organizations to close down and transfer current DDR-related activities to the incoming DDR institutions.

 

26.2.        That the interim DDR bodies shall undertake the task of leading and concluding these negotiations, and shoulder the operational responsibility of the activities thereafter.  

 

27.       Humanitarian and General Provisions

 

27.1.    Upon signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the Parties shall:

 

27.1.1.              exchange information on Missing in Action and shall trace them to their best efforts;

27.1.2.              agree to lifting the state of emergency in the Sudan except in areas where conditions do not permit;

 

27.2.         The Parties agree that the issue of the release of all civil political detainees as part of the confidence building measures, national healing and reconciliation process shall be discussed on and dealt with within the discussions on the implementation modalities.

 

27.3.         Humanitarian law and civil and political rights shall be closely observed.

 

27.4.         Collateral, secondary agreements and legislation shall not contradict this Agreement and shall be equally binding on the Parties.

 

27.5.         The Parties shall call upon the governments at all levels, civil societal organizations, political forces, national NGOs and international community to assist and facilitate the reconciliation process at grass root levels.